浅谈大兴区社区蔬菜技术服务

为提升社区居民的生活满意度,进一步探索阳台蔬菜管理技术、种植品种和管理模式,大兴区蔬菜技术推广站开展了基层调研、专业方案设计、观摩培训等社区蔬菜技术服务工作,并取得了较好的效果:服务范围不断扩大、栽培设备及配套技术逐渐完善、社区氛围良好等;并对发展前景进行了展望:未来将会向省空间、智能化、低碳化的多功能蔬菜种植模式发展。     

兰州百合多酚提取工艺优化研究

以多酚得率为优化指标,对兰州百合中多酚的提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素试验考查了溶剂类型、料液比、溶剂体积分数、超声功率、提取温度和提取液pH值对提取多酚得率的影响,在此基础上,为得到最优的兰州百合多酚提取条件,对乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取液pH值和超声功率4因素进行正交试验,结果得出兰州百合多酚提取最佳工艺参数组合为:乙醇浓度80%、提取温度40 ℃、提取pH值7、超声功率500 W,其多酚的萃取量为100.27 mg/g。     

不同育苗基质下咖啡种间嫁接苗生长及光合特性

以大粒种咖啡（Caffea liberica）1号为砧木、中粒种咖啡（Caffea canephora）热研1号高产无性系为接穗形成种间嫁接苗,以棕榈叶+表土、棕榈叶+椰糠和椰糠+表土不同比例配置基质,比较不同处理下嫁接苗的根系形态、光合特性、生物量及苗木质量指数,筛选适宜育苗基质。结果表明：以棕榈叶+表土体积比1:0（M1）、7:3（M2）、1:1（M3）处理植株根尖数、净光合速率（P_n）、总生物量及苗木质量指数较高,较常规育苗配比（CK）,M1处理分别提高98.17%、25.88%、159.54%和142.86%,M2处理分别提高122.99%、39.11%、162.61%和151.40%,M3处理分别提高157.18%、40.47%、194.22%和214.29%,增幅均达显著水平,各处理植株根系形态指标、净光合速率、总生物量、苗木质量指数间呈极显著正相关。因此,M1、M2和M3处理混配基质均能较好的满足咖啡种间嫁接苗生长需要,建议推广应用。     

杂色蚕豆新品种“清蚕2号”选育初探

2010年夏在慈溪市白沙路鲜食白花大粒蚕豆大田中发现因小黑蚕豆和白花大粒蚕豆自然杂交而产生变异的F0代变异单株，然后经F1到F5代的连续单株选择，经过F6代的株系选择和F7代的优系繁育，育成了杂色蚕豆新品种——清蚕2号。其株高约90 cm，分枝6～7个，花瓣上部白色，花托处红色，每荚1～3粒， 3粒荚占比仅10%，干豆形状短圆，干豆色泽底色为淡黄色，其侧面有八字形棕褐色条带，豆眼黑色，百粒质量为100 g。“清蚕2号”株型紧凑，植株中等，整齐度高，田间性状稳定，长势较旺盛，抗病性较强，适应性、抗逆性强，结荚多，产量高，品质好。     

黄秋葵品种比较试验

为筛选出适合萍乡地区种植的黄秋葵优良品种,为黄秋葵的进一步应用奠定资源基础,对10个黄秋葵品种进行了品种综合性状鉴定。结果表明:赣葵1号、赣葵3号、赣葵4号、枫桥秋葵生长势强,果实品质好,产量较高,2年平均667 m~2产量均在1 800 kg以上,可以大面积推广。赣葵4号、萍乡红葵的果实颜色鲜艳,可兼作观赏品种。     

高品质番茄比较试验

为丰富嘉善县番茄品种,通过引进4个高品质番茄与嘉善县大面积种植品种进行对比试验。结果表明:引进的大果型番茄浙粉712和浙粉716虽然产量较当地番茄品种惠福低,但果实口感较好,且大小均匀,整齐度较好,适合在当地进行一定面积的推广;引进的中果型番茄光辉101和樱桃番茄浙樱粉1号,果实大小均匀、口感好、番茄风味浓,且生长势强,经济效益突出,667 m~2产值较当地菜用番茄高出12 000～18 000元,适合采摘或短途运输销售。     

利川市山区马铃薯规模化种植的实践与思考

为了探索出一种独具特色的马铃薯规范化、规模化种植模式,基于利川市山区马铃薯规模化种植基地建设情况,结合利川市实际情况,按照优质高效、农旅融合的农业高质量发展要求,对推进马铃薯规模化种植的经验进行总结,提出加强科技支撑、优化发展模式、做好新型职业农民培训、创新管理模式、强化品牌效应的建议。     

张掖市塑料大棚春茬西瓜品种筛选试验

为获得张掖市塑料大棚春茬西瓜种植的最适品种,通过田间随机区组排列试验,对6个不同西瓜品种进行了比较试验。结果表明:在所有品种中,凯旋2012的光合速率与667m~2产量最高,分别为1.28μmol/(m~2·s)和6.91 t;不同品种产量的高低顺序为凯旋2012特大丰抗88天福2号西农8号丰抗八号(CK)好梦1号;各参试品种可溶性糖含量的大小顺序为丰抗八号(CK)西农8号凯旋2012特大丰抗88天福2号好梦1号;各参试品种番茄红素含量的大小顺序为丰抗八号(CK)凯旋2012特大丰抗88西农8号好梦1号天福2号。凯旋2012产量最高,可溶性糖和番茄红素含量较高,综合品质较好,适宜在河西走廊地区推广。     

An additional life-history tactic of masu salmon: Migration of parr to coastal habitats

Alternative life-history tactics of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou are well documented. Subsequent to the freshwater parr stage (age ≥ 1 + years), an anadromous form migrates to the sea after smolting, while a resident form matures without seaward migration. In addition to this typical migratory dimorphism, anecdotal reports based on field observations have indicated that some underyearling masu salmon use estuarine waters. However, no empirical evidence indicates saltwater utilisation and subsequent survival in the early parr stage. Here, we used otolith microchemistry to examine whether a portion of masu salmon parr in northern Japan enters coastal habitats. The otolith Sr:Ca ratios of most juveniles collected from six rivers had consistently low values, indicating that masu salmon parr inhabiting these rivers stay only in freshwater. In contrast, in individuals from a steep-gradient river the Sr:Ca ratios increased at about a 200-µm distance from the otolith core. These results suggest that some masu salmon parr might use brackish water or sea water temporarily. In addition, three masu salmon parr were found in another steep river where a culvert located only ten metres from the river mouth completely blocked upstream migration for spawning. The Sr:Ca ratios in these fish increased at about >200 µm from the otolith core, indicating the parr had immigrated to the non-natal river from the sea. Such flexible behaviour at an early life stage may contribute to the spatial expansion of masu salmon, and the movement could moreover help to stabilise its population dynamics.     

Localization of amino acids in germinated rice grain: Gamma-aminobutyric acid and essential amino acids production approach

Germinated rice is popularly consumed for its high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and bioactive compounds. Supporting information on how to germinate rice with high GABA content and essential amino acids is lacking. White and colored rough rice were germinated for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. GABA, GABA substrates and essential amino acids were also investigated using GC-MS and MALDI-MSI. GABA was more concentrated after germination and shifted into the coleoptile. High correlation was recorded between germination time and GABA (0.79–0.83, p ≤ 0.01) and glutamic acid (0.88–0.89, p ≤ 0.01). Highest rates of GABA and glutamic production were observed within 48 h of germination in both rice varieties (26.12 and 34.28 mg/100g) and reached maximum value at 96 h (31.36 and 38.75 mg/100g). Colored rice germination showed higher GABA, GABA substrates and deficient amino acids than white rice. GABA and essential amino acids drastically increased after germination, supporting the consumption of germinated rice as a functional food.